[Eritema pigmentado fijo secundario a AINE: Reporte de caso].

Background: Fixed erythema pigmento (FPE) is an allergic drug reaction, the pathophysiology of which is not exactly known. It is more common in women with location on the face. Clinical presentation: round or oval red-purple macule, well defined, with swelling, pain, itching, and burning. Diagnosis is clinical, oral chal- lenge is contraindicated due to possible severe reaction. On withdrawal of the drug, residual violaceous hyperpigmentation remains. Case report: 34-year-old female diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and asthma. She received treatment with ibuprofen and cephalexin 1 month ago due to dental infection. For the past 2 weeks, she has presented dermatological lesions characterized by hyperpigmentation under the lower eyelids, accompanied by pain, burning, and itching. On physical examination, well-defined red-purple pigmentation was observed in both periocular regions. The challenge test is not justified, the clinical history is the diagnostic pillar. The indication is to stop the medication immediately and continue monitoring. Conclusions: EPF is a drug reaction related to drug use. It creates a challenge for diagnosis due to poor knowledge of the characteristics of the dermatosis and poor clinical and pharmacological questioning. The EPF approach requires knowing the clinical characteristics of this dermatosis, making a differential diagnosis with other lesions and indicating the suspension of the responsible medication.

Antecedentes: El eritema pigmentado fijo (EPF) es una reacción alérgica medicamentosa, de la cual no se conoce con exactitud la fisiopatología. Es más frecuente en la mujer con localización en la cara. Presentación clínica: mácula redonda u oval de color rojo-violáceo, bien delimitada, con edema con dolor, prurito y ardor. El diagnóstico es clínico, contraindicado el reto oral por posible reacción grave. Al retirar el fármaco, queda una hiperpigmentación residual violácea. Reporte de caso: Femenina de 34 años con diagnóstico de rinitis alérgica y asma, Recibió tratamiento con Ibuprofeno y cefalexina hace 1 mes debido a proceso infeccioso dental. Desde hace 2 semanas presenta lesiones dermatológicas caracterizadas por hiperpigmentación debajo de párpados inferiores, acompañado de dolor, ardor y prurito. A la exploración física en ambas regiones perioculares se observa pigmentación bien delimitada rojo-violáceo. La prueba de reto no se justifica, la historia clínica es el pilar diagnóstico. La indicación es suspender el medicamento de inmediato y vigilancia continua. Conclusiones: El EPF es una reacción a medicamentos relacionada con el consumo de fármacos. Genera un desafío para el diagnóstico debido al pobre conocimien- to de las características de la dermatosis y un deficiente interrogatorio clínico y farmacológico. El abordaje del EPF requiere conocer las características clínicas de esta dermatosis, realizar el diagnostico diferencial con otras lesiones e indicar la suspensión del medicamento responsable.

Toxicidad pulmonar por amiodarona. No olvidemos lo aprendido / Pulmonary toxicity by amiodarone. Let's not forget what we learned

La toxicidad pulmonar es un efecto adverso poco frecuente de la amiodarona cuyo diagnóstico es una tarea complicada ya que debe tenerse una alta sospecha clínica y descartar otras patologías que pueden confundirse con este proceso. Es importante que el diagnóstico sea precoz para poder instaurar un tratamiento temprano y evitar la progresión a fibrosis pulmonar. Presentamos un caso que manifiesta la importancia de un diagnóstico preciso y la buena evolución del mismo tras la retirada del fármaco y la instauración de tratamiento. (AU)

Pulmonary toxicity is a rare adverse effect of amiodarone, the diagnosis of which is a complicated task since a high clinical suspicion must be maintained and other pathologies that may be confused with this process must be ruled out. It is important that the diagnosis is early to be able to establish early treatmentand avoid progression to pulmonary fibrosis. We present a case that shows the importance of an accurate diagnosis and its good evolution after drug withdrawal and treatment initiation. (AU)

Autoimmune encephalitis related to nivolumab followed by tumor regression / Encefalitis autoinmune relacionada con nivolumab se guida de regresión tumoral

Abstract Immune checkpoints inhibitors have shown a re markable improvement in overall survival of stage IV renal cell carcinoma patients. Nevertheless, there is a wide range of immune-related adverse events (IRAE) that arise from these revolutionary treatments. Autoim mune encephalitis is a rare but severe central nervous system IRAE in these cancer patients. The severities of these IRAEs preclude patients from continuing im munotherapy treatment. Few cases of autoimmune encephalitis with immunotherapy have been described in the literature and optimal clinical management of these events as well as patient's immune-mediated response after treatment suspension is still unclear. Here, we report a case of a 67 years-old woman with stage IV renal cell carcinoma under treatment with nivolumab who developed autoimmune encephalitis. After high doses of corticosteroids patient's condition improved significantly with full recovery after 5 days of treatment. Even though nivolumab was not reinstalled, a persistent response of her oncologic disease was evi denced. We expect that this case can contribute to the existing literature of both subjects, the management of autoimmune encephalitis as grade IV immune related adverse event and the responses of immune checkpoint inhibitors after IRAE.

Resumen Los inhibidores de puntos de control inmunológico han mostrado una importante mejoría en la supervi vencia global de los pacientes con carcinoma de riñón estadio IV. Sin embargo, existe una amplia variedad de efectos adversos inmunomediados que surgen a partir de estos tratamientos revolucionarios. La encefalitis au toinmune es un infrecuente pero grave efecto adverso inmunomediado del sistema nervioso central en estos pacientes. La gravedad de este cuadro impide que los pa cientes continúen con el tratamiento de inmunoterapia. Se han descrito pocos casos de encefalitis autoinmune con inmunoterapia en la literatura y aún no está claro el manejo clínico óptimo de estos eventos, ni cómo continua la respuesta inmunomediada después de la suspensión del tratamiento. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 67 años con carcinoma de células renales estadio IV que desarrolló encefalitis autoinmune durante el tratamiento con nivolumab. La paciente mejoró significativamente luego del inicio del tratamiento con altas dosis de cor ticoides, con una recuperación completa después de 5 días del mismo. Si bien el nivolumab no se reinició, se evidenció una respuesta persistente de su enfermedad oncológica. Esperamos que este caso pueda contribuir a la literatura existente de ambos temas, el manejo de la encefalitis autoinmune como efecto adverso inmunome diado grado IV y las respuestas que se obtienen con la inmunoterapia luego de estos efectos adversos.

Síndrome de Nicolau / Nicolau syndrome

Resumen El síndrome de Nicolau es una complicación infrecuente de la aplicación parenteral de diversos fármacos. Se caracteriza por la aparición de dolor, seguido de edema, eritema y luego una placa necrótica. Se reporta el caso de un hombre de 31 años que presenta este síndrome luego de la aplicación de penicilina benzatínica intramuscular. La biopsia apoyó el diagnóstico. Recibió tratamiento con enoxaparina y cilostazol con posterior mejoría.

Abstract Nicolau syndrome is a rare complication of the parenteral application of various drugs. It is char acterized by the appearance of pain, followed by edema, erythema, and then a necrotic plaque. We present the case of a 31-year-old male with this syndrome, after the application of intramuscular benzathine penicillin. The diagnosis was supported by the biopsy. He received treatment with enoxaparin and cilostazol with subsequent improvement.

Alucinaciones como efecto adverso del topiramato / Hallucinations as an adverse effect of topiramate

El topiramato es un fármaco antiepiléptico que bloquea los canales de sodio voltaje-dependientes y potencia la actividad gabaérgica. Entre sus posibles efectos adversos se han descrito algunos muy infrecuentes como las alucinaciones visuales o auditivas. Presentamos un caso de una niña de 7 años con antecedentes de migraña sin aura sin otros antecedentes personales ni familiares de interés que, tras 15 días de tratamiento preventivo con topiramato, desarrolló alucinaciones, cambios de humor bruscos, negativismo e ideas de muerte. Dada la clínica no explicable por otra circunstancia o fármaco se retiró el topiramato con desaparición completa de los síntomas a los 20 días, sin reaparición de estos. Las alucinaciones son un efecto adverso muy inusual del topiramato. El mecanismo fisiopatológico podría estar relacionado con su efecto sobre la actividad GABA. Existen muy pocos casos de este efecto adverso descritos. En pacientes pediátricos solo se han descrito dos casos, siendo este el primer caso descrito en el contexto de tratamiento profiláctico de la migraña (AU)

Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug which blocks voltage-gated sodium channels and enhances GABAergic activity. We report the case of a 7-year-old girl with a medical history of migraine without aura who, after fifteen days of preventive treatment with topiramate developed visual and tactile hallucinations. She also presented sudden mood swings, negativism and even death ideation. She had no other personal or family medical or psychiatric history. Due to the symptomatology, Topiramate was stopped, with a complete disappearance of symptoms twenty days after its suspension, and without the recurrence of them.Hallucinations are a very unusual side effect of Topiramate. There are very few cases of this adverse effect described in the literature. In pediatric patients, there were only two cases, this being the first case described in the context of prophylactic treatment of migraine. (AU)

¿Sobreestimamos las necesidades de líquidos? Complicaciones del uso de sueros isotónicos de mantenimiento en plantas de hospitalización pediátrica / Do we overestimate intravenous fluid therapy needs? Adverse effects related to isotonic solutions during paediatric hospital admissions

Introducción: La fluidoterapia intravenosa es un tratamiento ampliamente utilizado en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las complicaciones asociadas al uso de sueros isotónicos de mantenimiento en pacientes hospitalizados y comparar la frecuencia de aparición de estas complicaciones con distintos ritmos de administración. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional y prospectivo, en el que se incluyeron pacientes hospitalizados de entre tres meses y 15 años de edad que recibieron tratamiento con fluidoterapia isotónica 0,9% con glucosa al 5% durante las primeras 24 horas de ingreso. Se dividieron en dos cohortes según el ritmo de fluidoterapia: restringido<100% vs. no restringido cercano al 100% necesidades basales (NNBB), calculadas según la regla de Holliday y Segar. Se recogieron variables clínicas y analíticas en dos tiempos de estudio (T0 al ingreso y T1 a las 24 horas de la fluidoterapia). Se realizó un estudio uni y multivariante para identificar factores de riesgo de complicaciones. Resultados: Se incluyeron 84 pacientes, de los cuales 33 recibieron fluidoterapia restringida y 51 pacientes con 100% NNBB. Las principales complicaciones desarrolladas en las primeras 24 horas fueron hipercloremia> 110 mEq/L (16,6%) y edemas (19%). La aparición de edemas fue más frecuente en pacientes de menor edad (p <0,01) y la hipercloremia se asoció con el desarrollo de edemas (OR 1,73 [1,0-3,8]), p=0,06. Conclusiones: La administración de sueros isotónicos no está exenta de complicaciones, probablemente relacionadas con el ritmo de administración y más frecuentes en lactantes. Son necesarios estudios que revisen las necesidades de líquidos en niños hospitalizados. (AU)

Introduction: Maintenance intravenous fluids are frequently used in hospitalised paediatric patients. The aim of the study was to describe the adverse effects of isotonic fluid therapy in hospitalised patients, and its prevalence based on the rate of infusion. Materials and methods: A prospective clinical observational study was designed. We included hospitalised patients between 3 months-old and 15-years-old were included with 0.9% isotonic solutions with 5% glucose within the first 24h of administration. They were divided into two groups, depending on the quantity of liquid they received (restricted<100% vs. 100% maintenance needs). Clinical data and laboratory findings were recorded in two different times (T0 when they were admitted to hospital and T1 within the first 24h of administration). Results: The study included 84 patients, 33 received <100% maintenance needs and 51 patients received around 100%. The main adverse effects notified in the first 24h of administration were hyperchloremia>110mEq/L (16.6%) and oedema (19%). Oedema was more frequent in patients with lower age (p<0.01). The hyperchloremia at 24h of intravenous fluids was an independent risk factor of developing oedema (OR 1.73 [1.0–3.8], p=0.06). Conclusions: The use of isotonic fluids is not free from adverse effects, probably related to the rate of infusion and more likely to appear in infants. It is necessary more studies that review the correct estimation of intravenous fluid needs in hospitalised children. (AU)

Toxicidad sistémica secundaria a infiltración con anestésico local / Systemic toxicity secondary to local anesthetic infiltration

Introducción: Los anestésicos locales (AL) son fármacos ampliamente utilizados para procedimientos anestésicos por su perfil riesgo/beneficio favorable respecto a los anestésicos generales. No obstante, estos fármacos no están exentos de efectos adversos. Caso clínico: Hombre de 44 años sin antecedentes neurológicos que presenta un cuadro de toxicidad sistémica por AL tras la instilación de bupivacaína intratecal para ser intervenido de artroplastia de cadera. Conclusiones: Los cuadros de toxicidad sistémica por AL pueden producir sintomatología neurológica asociada o no a inestabilidad hemodinámica. Habitualmente, los síntomas neurológicos ocurren de forma precoz y deben alertar sobre la posible ocurrencia de eventos hemodinámicos ulteriores que pueden comprometer la vida del paciente. Conocer la existencia y el manejo clínico de estos cuadros de toxicidad resulta fundamental para mejorar la evolución y el pronóstico de este cuadro potencialmente mortal.(AU)

Introduction: Local anaesthetics (LA) are drugs that are widely used in anaesthetic procedures because of their favourable risk/benefit profile compared to general anaesthetics. Yet, these drugs also have some adverse effects. Case report: We report the case of a 44-year-old man with no neurological history who presented systemic toxicity due to LA after instillation of intrathecal bupivacaine for hip arthroplasty surgery. Conclusions: Systemic toxicity caused by LA can give rise to neurological symptoms that may or may not be associated with haemodynamic instability. Neurological symptoms usually occur early on and should alert to the possible occurrence of further life-threatening haemodynamic events. Being aware of the existence of these toxicities and their clinical management is essential to improve the evolution and prognosis of this potentially fatal condition.(AU)

Physiopathology of the Priapism Secondary to Tamsulosin: Clinical Cases of Our Hospital and Literature Review

Objective: To describe two cases of man with the diagnosis of ischemic priapism after the intake of tamsulosin and to revise the scientific literature. Methods: We present two cases of men that developed an ischemic priapism after the intake of tamsulosin prescribed for STUI and were treated in our hospital. We described the two cases, from the diagnosis until the surgery that was performed. Also, we review the scientific literature about this topic. Results: In one hand, a 67 years old man with the previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia that take a one single dosis of tamsulosin and developed a priapism of 9 hours of duration. He was diagnosticated of low-flow priapism that was reverted after the use of intracavernosal phenylephrine. On the other hand, a 61 years old man without any medical condition. He developed a priapism after the intake of also one single dosis of tamsulosin and came to the hospital after 48 hours of the beginning of the erection. In this case, the use of intracavernosal phenylephrine wasn´t effective so we decided to performed a distal shunt between cavernosal and spongy body according to the techniques of Winter, Ebbehoj and Al-Ghorab. All of them without results. At the end, we tried a proximal shunt according Quackles technique, also ineffective. The patient declined another surgery for implantation of a pennis prothesis and went home after four days of hospitalization with the disappearance of the pain. Conclusions: The tamsulosin is a drug well known by urologist that have a safety profile probed with the years. Nevertheless, it's association with a disease like the priapism forced us to explain to our patients this rare adverse effect (AU)

Objetivo: Describir la fisiopatología del priapismoasociado a tamsulosina a través de dos casos clínicos tratados en nuestro centro.Método: Se presentan dos casos de varones que desarrollan un priapismo isquémico tras la toma de tamsulosina yque fueron tratados en nuestro hospital. Describimos amboscasos, desde el diagnóstico hasta el tratamiento. Además,revisamos la literatura científica sobre dicho tema.Resultado: Introducimos el caso de un hombre de 67años con comorbilidad cardiovascular que desarrolla un priapismo isquémico de 9 horas de duración que revirtió confenilefrina intracavernosa. Por otro lado, se presenta el casode un varón de 61 años sin patología de base con un priapismo de 48 horas que no mejoró tras tratamiento conservador ni tras cirugía de derivación cavernoso-esponjosa.Conclusiones: La tamsulosina es un fármaco seguroque en, raras ocasiones, puede asociarse a un priapismo isquémico. (AU)

Reacción cútanea debida a remdesivir en paciente con enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2 / Skin reaction due to remdesivir in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 disease

En diciembre de 2019 se detectó por primera vez en la ciudad china de Wuhan una nueva enfermedad infecciosa con el nombre oficial de COVID-19, causada por un nuevo tipo de coronavirus denominado virus SARS-CoV-2, la infección se ha propagado rápida y extensamente por todo el mundo, por lo que el 11 de marzo de 2020 la Organización Mundial de la Salud la declaró pandemia. Al tratarse de una nueva infección, no existe por el momento evidencia que permita recomendar un tratamiento específico, en la actualidad el único medicamento con indicación autorizada por la Agencia Europea de Medicamentos (EMA) es el remdesivir. A continuación presentamos el caso de una reacción adversa a remdesivir, si bien no fue grave, cabe destacar la importancia de notificar efectos adversos y más en medicamentos novedosos como este. (AU)

In December 2019, a new infectious disease with the official name of COVID-19 was detected for the first time in the Chinese city of Wuhan, caused by a new type of coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 virus, the infection has spread rapidly and widely throughout the world, which is why on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic. As it is a new infection, there is currently no evidence to recommend a specific treatment, currently the only drug with an indication authorized by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) is remdesivir.We present the case of an adverse reaction to remdesivir, although it was not serious, it is worth highlighting the importance of reporting adverse effects and more in novel drugs like this one. (AU)

Adaptación transcultural al español y validez de contenido de 3 escalas de riesgo nutricional / Cross-cultural adaptation to Spanish and content validity of three nutritional risk scales

Introducción: Existen diversas escalas diseñadas para determinar el riesgo de desnutrición al ingreso hospitalario en población infantil, sin embargo, la mayor parte de estos instrumentos se desarrollan y publican en lengua inglesa, siendo preceptiva su adaptación transcultural y validación para poder ser utilizados en nuestro país.Objetivos: Adaptar transculturalmente 3 escalas diseñadas para determinar el riesgo de desnutrición ligada a la enfermedad y determinar la validez de su contenido.Material y métodos: Adaptación transcultural mediante el método de traducción-retrotraducción de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la International Test Commission Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests. Se midió la validez de contenido a través de un panel de expertos (bajo 7 criterios básicos de selección adaptados del modelo Fehring) que evaluaron cada ítem de las escalas midiendo 4 criterios: ambigüedad, sencillez, claridad y relevancia. Con la puntuación extraída se obtuvo el estadístico V de Aiken para cada ítem y para las escalas completas.Resultados: Partiendo de 3 traducciones independientes por escala se obtuvieron 3 versiones definitivas en castellano de las escalas PNRS, STRONGkids y STAMP semánticamente equivalentes a sus versiones originales. Las escalas PNRS y STRONGkids presentaron una V de Aiken superior a 0,75 en todos sus ítems, mientras que escala STAMP presentó un valor inferior a 0,75 para el ítem «peso y altura».Conclusión: Este estudio aporta las versiones en castellano adaptadas transculturalmente de las escalas PNRS, STRONGkids y STAMP. Las escalas PNRS y STRONGkids presentan un contenido válido para ser aplicadas en el contexto hospitalario estatal. STAMP requiere la adaptación de su ítem «peso y altura» para considerar adecuado su uso en población infantil española. (AU)

Introduction: There are various scales designed to determine the risk of malnutrition at hospital admission in children. However, most of these instruments are developed and published in English. Their cross-cultural adaptation and validation being mandatory in order to be used in our country.Objectives: Cross-culturally adapt three scales designed to determine the risk of malnutrition linked to the disease and determine the validity of their content.Material and methods: Cross-cultural adaptation using the translation-back-translation method in accordance with the recommendations of the International Test Commission Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests. Content validity was measured by a panel of experts (under seven basic selection criteria adapted from the Fehring model) who evaluated each item of the scales by measuring 4 criteria: ambiguity, simplicity, clarity and relevance. With the extracted score, Aiken's V statistic was obtained for each item and for the complete scales.Results: Starting from three independent translations per scale, 3 definitive versions in Spanish of the PNRS, STRONGkids and STAMP scales were obtained semantically equivalent to their original versions. The PNRS and STRONGkids scales presented an Aiken's V greater than 0.75 in all their items, while the STAMP scale presented a value less than 0.75 for the item “weight and height”.Conclusion: This study provides the transculturally adapted Spanish versions of the PNRS, STRONGkids and STAMP scales. The PNRS and STRONGkids scales present valid content to be applied in the state hospital context. STAMP requires the adaptation of its item “weight and height” to consider its use in a Spanish child population adequate. (AU)

Cross-cultural adaptation to Spanish and content validity of three nutritional risk scales.

INTRODUCTION: There are various scales designed to determine the risk of malnutrition at hospital admission in children. However, most of these instruments are developed and published in English. Their cross-cultural adaptation and validation being mandatory in order to be used in our country. OBJECTIVES: Cross-culturally adapt three scales designed to determine the risk of malnutrition linked to the disease and determine the validity of their content. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-cultural adaptation using the translation-back-translation method in accordance with the recommendations of the International Test Commission Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests. Content validity was measured by a panel of experts (under seven basic selection criteria adapted from the Fehring model) who evaluated each item of the scales by measuring 4 criteria: ambiguity, simplicity, clarity and relevance. With the extracted score, Aiken's V statistic was obtained for each item and for the complete scales. RESULTS: Starting from three independent translations per scale, 3 definitive versions in Spanish of the PNRS, STRONGkids and STAMP scales were obtained semantically equivalent to their original versions. The PNRS and STRONGkids scales presented an Aiken's V greater than 0.75 in all their items, while the STAMP scale presented a value less than 0.75 for the item "weight and height". CONCLUSION: This study provides the transculturally adapted Spanish versions of the PNRS, STRONGkids and STAMP scales. The PNRS and STRONGkids scales present valid content to be applied in the state hospital context. STAMP requires the adaptation of its item "weight and height" to consider its use in a Spanish child population adequate.

Do we overestimate intravenous fluid therapy needs? Adverse effects related to isotonic solutions during pediatric hospital admissions.

INTRODUCTION: Maintenance intravenous fluids are frequently used in hospitalised pediatric patients. The aim of the study was to describe the adverse effects of isotonic fluid therapy in hospitalised patients, and its prevalence based on the rate of infusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective clinical observational study was designed. We included hospitalised patients between 3 months-old and 15-years-old were included with 0,9% isotonic solutions with 5% glucose within the first 24 h of administration. They were divided into two groups, depending on the quantity of liquid they received (restricted <100% vs 100% maintenance needs). Clinical data and laboratory findings were recorded in two different times (T0 when they were admitted to hospital and T1 within the first 24 h of administration). RESULTS: The study included 84 patients, 33 received <100% maintenance needs and 51 patients received around 100%. The main adverse effects notified in the first 24 h of administration were hyperchloremia >110 mEq/L (16.6%) and oedema (19%). Oedema was more frequent in patients with lower age (p < 0,01). The hyperchloremia at 24 h of intravenous fluids was an independent risk factor of developing oedema (OR 1,73 (1,0-3,8), p = 0,06). CONCLUSION: The use of isotonic fluids is not free from adverse effects, probably related to the rate of infusion and more likely to appear in infants. It`s necessary more studies that review the correct estimation of intravenous fluid needs in hospitalized children.

Insuficiencia renal aguda secundaria al tratamiento con Aciclovir por herpes zoster en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico: reporte de dos casos / Acute renal failure secondary to Acyclovir treatment for herpes zoster in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: report of two cases

Descripción del plan de cuidados:El plan de cuidados estuvo abocado a tratar las necesidades alteradas según la clasificación de Virginia Henderson. Estas necesidades alteradas fueron: la necesidad de eliminación, higiene e integridad de la piel, dolor y movilización. Para el proceso de atención de enfermería se aplicó la taxonomía NANDA.Evaluación del plan:Tras aplicar el proceso de atención de enfermería se logró mejorar la función renal, recuperar la integridad cutánea, se evitó infecciones por las lesiones en la piel producidas por el herpes zoster, se controló el dolor, y se mejoró la movilidad del brazo izquierdo de una de las pacientes que padecía paresia.Conclusiones:Es menester para enfermería realizar un seguimiento minucioso de los pacientes que presentan tratamiento con Aciclovir, especialmente de aquellos que presentan patologías crónicas de base, como lupus erite­matoso sistémico en recidivas con herpes zoster, para prevenir eventos adversos asociados al fármaco. (AU)

Description of the care plan:The care plan was aimed at addressing the altered needs according to the Virginia Henderson classification. These altered needs were the need for elimination, hygiene and skin integrity, pain and mobilisation. The NANDA taxonomy was applied for the nursing care process.Evaluation of the plan:After applying the nursing care process, renal function was improved, skin integrity was restored, infections were avoided due to skin lesions caused by herpes zoster, pain was controlled, and the mobility of the left arm of one of the patients suffering from paresis was improved.Conclusions:Close monitoring by nursing staff of patients treated with acyclovir is necessary, especially those with chronic underlying pathologies, such as systemic lupus erythematosus in relapses with herpes zoster, in order to prevent adverse events associated with the drug. (AU)

¿Mantenimiento o retirada? Pericarditis en un paciente en tratamiento con clozapina: a propósito de un caso / To persist or to withdraw? Pericarditis in a patient undergoing treatment with clozapine: report of a clinical case

Introducción: La pericarditis inducida por clozapina es un cuadro raro, pero potencialmente grave para cuya resolución se recomienda la discontinuación del tratamiento con clozapina. Presentación del caso Se trata de un varón de 17 años en tratamiento con clozapina por el fracaso de 3 líneas antipsicóticas previas, con una buena respuesta terapéutica, que 2 meses después del inicio del fármaco desarrolla un cuadro de pericarditis. En la evaluación multidisciplinar, se decide conjuntamente con la familia el tratamiento de la pericarditis, manteniendo clozapina en dosis menores, con la resolución de la misma y conservando la estabilidad psicopatológica. Discusión La miocarditis y pericarditis inducidas por clozapina son efectos adversos graves que aparecen en su mayoría en el primer mes de tratamiento. La actitud generalizada frente a la pericarditis inducida por clozapina es su retirada. Esta retirada puede plantear un dilema ético y debe ser valorada cuidadosamente, ya que el riesgo de descompensación psiquiátrica y pérdida de la calidad de vida debe ser tenido en cuenta. Conclusión Este caso resalta la importancia de realizar un balance riesgo/beneficio en cada caso complejo, reflejando la encrucijada ética del manejo de los efectos adversos de clozapina, puesto que su retirada puede comprometer negativamente la estabilidad psicopatológica y la calidad de vida del paciente. (AU)

Introduction: Clozapine-induced pericarditis is a rare but potentially serious condition for which discontinuation of clozapine treatment is recommended for resolution. Presentation of the case A 17-year-old male under treatment with clozapine due to failure of three previous antipsychotic lines, with good therapeutic response, who two months after starting the drug developed pericarditis. Discussion Clozapine-induced myocarditis and pericarditis are serious adverse effects that appear mostly in the first month of treatment. The generalized attitude towards clozapine-induced pericarditis is its withdrawal. This withdrawal may pose an ethical dilemma and should be carefully assessed, as the risk of psychiatric decompensation and loss of quality of life should be taken into account. Conclusion This case highlights the importance of performing a risk/benefit balance in each complex case, reflecting the ethical conflict of the management of clozapine adverse effects, since its withdrawal may negatively compromise the patient's psychopathological stability and quality of life. (AU)

Mujer de 70 años con diarrea crónica / 70-year-old woman with chronic diarrhea

Presentamos el caso de una paciente mujer de 70 años hipertensa en tratamiento con olmesartán desde hace un año, sin otros antecedentes personales de interés. Ingreso a cargo del servicio de Medicina Interna por cuadro constitucional a estudio consistente en la pérdida confirmada de peso de 13 kg, diarrea crónica, pérdida de apetito, astenia y dolor abdominal tipo cólico intermitente. Tras un primer despistaje en busca de proceso neoplásico, se pensó en otras posibles opciones (AU)

We present the clinical case of a seventy-year-old female patient with hypertension in treatment with olmesartan since one year ago and no other past medical history of interest. She was hospitalized in the internal medicine department in order to study constitutional symptoms which consisted of confirmed weight loss of 13 kg, chronic diarrhea, loss of appetite, asthenia, and intermittent colic-like abdominal pain. After an initial screening for neoplastic disease, other possible options were considered (AU)

70-year-old woman with chronic diarrhea.

We present the clinical case of a seventy-year-old female patient with hypertension in treatment with olmesartan since one year ago and no other past medical history of interest. She was hospitalized in the internal medicine department in order to study constitutional symptoms which consisted of confirmed weight loss of 13 kg, chronic diarrhea, loss of appetite, asthenia, and intermittent colic-like abdominal pain. After an initial screening for neoplastic disease, other possible options were considered.

Conocimiento de madres sobre manejo de efectos adversos posvacunales en niños menores de dos años / Mothers' Knowledge about Managing Post-Vaccination Adverse Effects in Children under Two Years of Age

Introducción: Los eventos adversos atribuibles a procesos de vacunación e inmunización, son efectos no deseables aparecidos tras la aplicación de una vacuna que genera miedo y desconfianza en las madres al sentirse incapaces de identificarlos y manejarlos de manera apropiada. Objetivo: Determinar el conocimiento que tienen las madres de niños menores de dos años de edad sobre el reconocimiento y cuidado de los efectos adversos posvacunales. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, con una muestra por conveniencia de 50 madres que acudieron al centro de salud Nuevo Israel en la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador. Las variables de estudio fueron el tipo de eventos posvacunales, el conocimiento sobre el manejo de los mismos y la fuente de información del cuidado para cada tipo de evento. Se determinaron las frecuencias absolutas y relativas en función de las variables edad y nivel de instrucción que fueron expresadas mediante tablas de contingencia. Resultados: Se identificó la fiebre como el evento adverso más común y la administración de paracetamol para su manejo. Independientemente de la edad y el nivel de instrucción, la identificación y conocimiento sobre cuidado de las reacciones posvacunales fueron adecuados. La información manejada proviene en su mayoría (94,6 por ciento) del personal de enfermería. Conclusiones: Las madres conocen los efectos posvacunales y los manejan de manera adecuada en un contexto en el que el personal de enfermería es el encargado de transmitir las buenas prácticas en su rol de educador(AU)

Introduction: Adverse events attributable to vaccination and immunization processes are undesirable effects that appear after application of a vaccine that generates fear and mistrust in mothers, as they feel unable to identify and handle them appropriately. Objective: To determine the knowledge that mothers of children under two years of age have about the recognition and care of postvaccination adverse effects. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study carried out with a convenience sample of 50 mothers who attended Nuevo Israel Health Center in Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province, Ecuador. The study variables were type of postvaccination events, knowledge about their management, and source of information about care for each type of event. Absolute and relative frequencies were determined according to the variables age and level of education, expressed through contingency tables. Results: Fever was identified as the most common adverse event and administration of paracetamol was identified as a way for its management. Regardless the age and level of education, the identification and knowledge about the care of postvaccination reactions were adequate. The information handled comes mostly from the nursing staff, a source accounting for 94.6 percent. Conclusions: Mothers know postvaccination effects and manage them appropriately in a context in which the nursing staff is in charge of transmitting good practices in their role as educator.

A single-center prospective observational study on the effect of trimodal prehabilitation in colorectal surgery. / Estudio observacional prospectivo unicéntrico sobre el efecto de la prehabilitación trimodal en cirugía colorrectal.

INTRODUCTION: A trimodal prehabilitation protocol was designed with the aim to evaluate whether it contributes to reducing postoperative morbidity, to evaluate the effect of prehabilitation on overall hospital stay, and to analyze the evolution of functional capacity before and after surgery. METHODS: A single-center observational study of patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery with curative intent after a trimodal prehabilitation protocol. We collected data for postoperative morbidity according to the Comprehensive Complication Index and hospital stay, which were compared with a historical matrix. Functional capacity data were also collected before and after the application of the prehabilitation protocol. RESULTS: Compared to the historical population, the overall Comprehensive Complication Index was reduced from 13.2 to 11.5, which was statistically significant. Analyzed by morbidity type, all decreased in percentage, although without achieving significance (surgical site infection from 11.7% to 8.4%, nosocomial infection 15.8 to 10% and medical morbidity 8.6% to 4.2%). The overall hospital stay went from 6 to 4 days, and the decrease in the percentage of patients who prepared at home was statistically significant in both cases. CONCLUSIONS: Trimodal prehabilitation can contribute to lowering the postoperative morbidity and overall hospital stay of patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.

Adverse drug reactions. / Reacciones adversas a medicamentos.

An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is defined as a response to a medicinal product which is noxious and unintended. ADRs are an important cause of morbidity and mortality and increase health costs. The pharmacovigilance systems allow the identification and prevention of the risks associated with use of a drug, especially of recently marketed drugs; they detect signals from data of the global ADR register and also support decisions taken by regulatory agencies in different countries. Only a few drugs are withdrawn from the market, mainly due to hepatotoxicity. Spontaneous notification of ADR is the cheapest, simplest and most used method to recognize new safety drug problems, under-reporting being its main limitation. The future of pharmacovigilance and ADRs will include a higher involvement of patients, doctors, health authorities and pharmaceutical companies, and the use of new technologies.

Bradicardia inducida por quimioterapia en pacientes oncológicos / Chemotherapy-induced bradycardia in oncology patients

Resumen Introducción: cada día se reportan efectos tóxicos de la quimioterapia en el corazón, entre ellos las arritmias; sin embargo, las publicaciones sobre bradicardia ocasionada por antineoplásicos son escasas. Objetivo: describir y analizar la presencia de bradicardia posquimioterapia en el paciente oncológico. Materiales y métodos: estudio no experimental, descriptivo, retrospectivo, en el que se incluyeron pacientes atendidos durante el año 2017 en un Servicio de Cardiología, a causa de bradicardia posquimioterapia. Resultados: se evaluaron 59 pacientes, 31 varones (52,5%) y 28 mujeres (47,5%), con una mediana de edad de 42 años. La mediana de la frecuencia cardiaca fue 46 latidos por minuto. La bradicardia fue más frecuente en leucemia mielocítica aguda (25,42%), seguida por leucemia linfoblástica aguda (20,34%). Fue asintomática en el 88,13% de los casos. Los fármacos quimioterápicos relacionados con bradicardia en leucemia mielocítica aguda fueron la citarabina en combinación con la daunorubicina, mientras que en leucemia linfoblástica aguda fueron la vincristina en combinación con la daunorubicina. Se presentó intervalo QTc largo en 12 casos (20,34%). El tiempo entre quimioterapia y el inicio de la bradicardia fue 24 a 48 horas en 35,6% y la recuperación de la frecuencia cardiaca fue entre 24 a 48 horas en el 61,02%. Conclusiones: la bradicardia sinusal como efecto adverso de la quimioterapia, es más frecuente en la leucemia mielocítica aguda, mientras que los medicamentos antineoplásicos relacionados con la bradicardia más comunes fueron la citarabina y la daunorubicina.

Abstract Introduction: There are daily reports of the toxic effects of chemotherapy on the heart, among them are the arrhythmias. However, there are very few publications on bradycardia caused by anti-neoplastic treatment. Objective: To describe and analyse the presence of post-chemotherapy bradycardia in the oncology patient. Materials and methods: A non-experimental, descriptive and retrospective study was conducted on patients seen during the year 2017 in a Cardiology Department due to post-chemotherapy bradycardia. Results: A total of 59 patients were evaluated, of whom 31 (52.5%) were males and 28 (47.5%) women, and with a median age of 42 years. The median heart rate was 46 beats per minute. The bradycardia was more common in acute myelocytic leukaemia (25.42%), followed by acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (20.34%). It was asymptomatic in 88.31% of cases. The chemotherapy drugs associated with bradycardia in acute myelocytic leukaemia were cytarabine in combination with daunorubicin, whilst in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia they were vincristine in combination with daunorubicin. A prolonged QTc interval was present in 12 (20.34%) of cases. The time between the chemotherapy and the onset of bradycardia was 24 to 48 hours in 35.6%, and the recovery of the heart rate was between 24 and 48 hours in 61.02%. Conclusions: Sinus bradycardia as an adverse effect of chemotherapy is more frequent in acute myelocytic leukaemia, whilst the most common anti-neoplastic drugs associated with bradycardia were cytarabine and daunorubicin.